01 — Strategic context
The questions decision-makers are facing
Clean technology and critical mineral supply chains raise strategic questions that most models aren't built to answer.
What do different electrification pathways mean for national industrial strategy and investment decisions?
How much critical mineral demand will the clean energy transition create — and when will it be needed?
Can global mining and processing capacity keep pace — where do bottlenecks emerge first?
Which policy and technology choices can help manage mineral intensity? Electrification pace, battery chemistry, recycling, used-vehicle trade.
Where are the batteries actually made — and how exposed is each market to the countries that build its cells?
Where does supply chain concentration create geopolitical and energy-security risk — and for whom?
02 — The gap
Why existing tools fall short
Transportation, energy and minerals analysis have developed in separate silos — leaving the complex connection between demand and supply largely invisible.
Transport & energy models
Detailed on vehicles, electricity, fuels, and emissions — but treat supply chains and trade as an afterthought.
Mining & mineral models
Detailed on mine-level supply and cost — but disconnected from the technology and policy choices that drive demand.
GSTEM bridges both
One integrated model that traces clean technology choices and market demand all the way through to mine-level mineral supply and cost across 50+ countries.
03 — Model framework
How GSTEM works
From vehicle to mine: five connected modules trace demand all the way up the supply chain.
MODULE 1
Vehicle demand & technology
- 6 vehicle types, 50+ countries
- Stock, sales, mileage & powertrain mix
- Age, size segment, used-vehicle trade
MODULE 2
Energy & CO₂
- Fuel & electricity use by country
- Well-to-wheel CO₂ by vehicle type
- Fuel blending & carbon intensity by scenario
MODULE 3
Cell supply chain
- Cells attributed to their country of origin
- Future pathways of regional production
- Localisation and import-exposure scenarios
MODULE 4
Mineral demand
- Battery size & chemistry scenarios
- Li, Ni, Co, Cu, Gr
- End-of-life scrap; non-EV battery demand
MODULE 5
Mine-level supply
- Mine-level production cost curves
- Merit-order supply by mineral
- Demand-scenario impacts on specific mines
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Countries & regions
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Historical data sources
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Projection horizon
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Minerals · Li Ni Co Cu Gr
04 — Value proposition
Built for decisions, not just projections
The only global model connecting vehicle technology choices to global mine-level mineral supply.
Stress-test industrial strategy
Pressure-test national or regional strategies against realistic mineral supply and demand trajectories.
Steady state
Under stress
Strategy load test
Benchmark supply chain exposure
See where a country or region sits relative to mine-level supply and downstream mineral demands.
Concentration
Chokepoints
Dependencies
Inform investment & procurement
Ground due diligence in production costs and merit order for lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and copper.
Design credible policy scenarios
Test electrification, recycling, and trade policy choices against consistent, comparable model outputs.
05 — Sample outputs · 1 of 6
Transport fuel projections
05 — Sample outputs · 2 of 6
Well-to-wheel CO₂ emissions
05 — Sample outputs · 3 of 6
EV battery chemistry, mapped up the supply chain
GSTEM maps battery demand and cathode chemistry from EV sales up the supply chain to the cell factory.
Cell factory
Cathode chemistry
Vehicle production
Vehicle sales
05 — Sample outputs · 4 of 6
Who supplies each market's battery cell demand
05 — Sample outputs · 5 of 6
Mineral demand
05 — Sample outputs · 6 of 6
Mine openings and capacity expansions
06 — Join us
Three ways to engage with GSTEM
We're building GSTEM as shared infrastructure for the clean technology and critical minerals community.
Use the platform
Integrate GSTEM data and findings directly into your own policy planning or industry forecasts.
Fund the work
Support the continued development of GSTEM, helping us build and improve the model over time.
Collaborate on research
Partner with us as a research collaborator on specific topics within the model's scope.
Join us as we launch GSTEM at our upcoming convening in
Amsterdam · Dec 1–2.